What are derivatives?
A derivative is a financial instrument whose value is based on an underlying asset such as equities, currency or commodities. The most common derivative instruments are forwards, futures, options and swaps.
Futures — an agreement to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price and date in the future. Futures contracts are standardised, traded on exchanges, and require margin deposits to secure the position.
Options — give the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset at a specific price on or before a specified date. Options can be used for hedging or to express a market view.
- Index & stock Futures and Options
- Strategy builder with pay-off charts & Greeks
- Order directly from interactive charts
- Real-time positions & margin visibility

Understanding Derivatives in detail
How futures & options work
Derivatives derive their value from an underlying asset such as an index or a stock. A futures contract commits you to buy or sell at a set price on a future date; an option gives you the right — but not the obligation — to do so, in exchange for a premium. Contracts trade in fixed lot sizes and require margins.
Why traders use derivatives
Three common reasons: hedging (protecting a portfolio from a fall), leverage (larger exposure with less capital), and strategies (defined-risk positions for different market views). PCJ's strategy builder lets you see the pay-off diagram and option Greeks before you place a trade.
A word on the Greeks
Delta, Theta, Vega and Gamma describe how an option's price reacts to moves in the underlying, the passage of time, and changes in volatility. A basic grasp of them helps you understand and manage risk.
Risk first
F&O is leveraged and complex. As per SEBI studies, the vast majority of individual traders in the F&O segment made net losses. Keep position sizes small, use stop-losses, and never trade on tips or unverified recommendations.
Understanding Derivatives
Futures
An obligation to buy or sell an underlying at a set price on expiry — standardised and margined.
Options
A right, not an obligation. Buyers pay a premium and have defined risk; sellers carry higher risk.
Why use F&O
To hedge existing holdings or express a market view with leverage — with correspondingly higher risk.
Why Trade F&O with PCJ
Strategy Builder
Build option strategies for Nifty, Bank Nifty & stocks.
Pay-off & Greeks
Visualise risk and reward before you trade.
Basket & Multi-Leg
Execute complex strategies efficiently.
Alerts & Tracking
Track levels and manage positions live.
Tools You Get With PCJ
Strategy Builder
Build option strategies with pay-off charts & Greeks.
Market Depth
Live bid/ask, 52-week range, volume & OI.
Basket & SIP
Order multiple stocks or set SIPs in one go.
Smart Alerts
Price alerts so you never miss a move.
Charts & Data
30 years of history, ratios & indicators.
Safe & Secure
NSDL demat, OTP-based pledges & alerts.
Futures vs Options
Futures
Options
Begin in Three Simple Steps
Open your account
Complete a 100% online, paperless Demat & Trading account in about 10 minutes.
Meet your RM
Get a dedicated Relationship Manager for guidance and service support.
Start with F&O
Use the strategy builder, review pay-off & Greeks, and place your order.
Derivatives — Frequently Asked Questions
A future is an obligation to buy/sell at a set price and date; an option gives the right, but not the obligation, to do so. Both are traded on exchanges with margin.
Yes — derivatives are leveraged. SEBI data shows 9 of 10 individual F&O traders incurred net losses. Trade only with a clear understanding of the risks.
Yes — the strategy builder lets you construct strategies and see pay-off charts and Greeks before you trade.
F&O trades in fixed quantities called lots, set by the exchange for each underlying; you trade in multiples of the lot.
Every contract has an expiry date on which it is settled. Index and stock derivatives have weekly and/or monthly expiries.
An F&O-enabled trading account and sufficient margin — plus a clear understanding of the products and their risks.
Futures and options are contracts whose value depends on an underlying share or index. A future is an agreement to buy or sell at a fixed price on a future date. An option gives you the right — but not the obligation — to do so, for a price called the premium. They are tools for hedging and trading, and they carry leverage, which magnifies both profit and loss.
Very. SEBI's own study found that about nine out of ten individual F&O traders lost money, with sizeable average losses. Leverage means a small market move against you can wipe out a large part of your capital. If you still want to trade derivatives, start small, learn payoff structures, always use stop losses, and never trade with money you cannot afford to lose.
Margin is the deposit the exchange requires you to keep with the broker to take a leveraged position. It ensures you can honour your obligations if the market moves against you. Margins change with volatility, and if your losses eat into the margin, you get a margin call asking for more funds — failing which the position may be squared off.
SEBI requires brokers to collect income proof before activating derivative segments because F&O involves leverage and is suitable only for investors who can bear the risk. A recent salary slip, six months' bank statement, ITR acknowledgement or demat holdings statement usually works.
Muhurat trading is a special one-hour trading session that exchanges hold on Diwali evening, considered an auspicious time to invest. The exact timing is announced by NSE and BSE each year. It is a symbolic session — liquidity is thinner than normal hours, so trade thoughtfully.
There is no minimum. You can buy a single share, and many good companies trade at modest prices. If you prefer mutual funds, SIPs start from as little as ₹500 a month. What matters is starting early and staying regular — the amount can grow with your confidence.
In delivery trading you buy shares and hold them — they are credited to your demat account and remain yours until you sell. In intraday trading you buy and sell the same day, closing your position before the market shuts. Delivery builds long-term wealth; intraday is short-term trading that needs skill, discipline and strict stop losses.
Normal equity market hours on NSE and BSE are 9:15 AM to 3:30 PM, Monday to Friday, with a pre-open session from 9:00 to 9:15 AM. Markets are closed on exchange holidays — see our Market Holidays page for this year's full list and a live open/closed status.
A stop loss is an order that automatically exits your position if the price crosses a level you set, capping your loss. For traders it is essential — it turns an unlimited risk into a known, small one. Decide your exit level before you enter a trade, not after the price starts falling.
Yes, in most cases you can convert an intraday position to delivery before the market closes, provided you have the full funds for the purchase. The reverse is also possible subject to margins. Do note that conversion depends on the stock being available for delivery trades and on your available balance.
PCJ has a research desk that shares curated ideas, and your dedicated Relationship Manager helps you understand them in the context of your own goals. The final decision is always yours — SEBI registration and NISM certification do not guarantee returns, and no honest broker will promise them.
Yes. PCJ Holdings is a SEBI-registered stock broker and a depository participant with NSDL, and a member of NSE, BSE and MCX since 2006. Your shares are not held by us — they sit in your own demat account with the depository (NSDL) in your name. Your funds are kept in client bank accounts that are separate from the company's own money, as SEBI rules require. Exchanges also run regular inspections of every member broker.
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